Federico García Lorca’s ‘impossible’ theatre staged

This study explores the relatively unknown area of Federico García Lorca’s theatre work which he himself termed ‘impossible’ and ‘unperformable’. With the director’s task of preproduction research in mind, the study examines biographical research as well as focusing discussion on Lorca’s experimentation – as playwright and director – with different artistic styles and techniques seen as ground-breaking in his own time which pre-empted much modern theatre practice. Analysis of primary sources provides a widespread overview of Lorca’s dramatic work: his better-known plays, ‘impossible’ plays, dramatic dialogues and fragments of incomplete pieces as well as interviews and speeches. Key sources include the theories and ideas of professional directors (most prominently Lluís Pasqual) and scholars of Spanish theatre (especially Maria M. Delgado and Gwynne Edwards) as well as biographers (particularly Leslie Stainton). Principally concerned with the challenges presented to modern theatre-makers and the possibilities and guides for directors tackling these plays, the study concludes with reflection on the production of An Impossible Dream of Life which was composed from Lorca’s The Dream of Life and extracts from his other works to make up the practice-based component of this research project

The adsorption of adsorbable organic halide onto biological solids : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Environmental Engineering

Chlorinated organic molecules may be removed from wastewaters by adsorption onto the biomass present in biological treatment systems. This study assessed the adsorption onto biological solids of Adsorbable Organic Halide (AOX) from two New Zealand kraft pulp and paper mill bleach plant wastewaters. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to determine the characteristics of this adsorption process, with activated sludge as an adsorbent. Different molecular weight AOX fractions from two bleach plants' wastewaters were studied. The first wastewater was a combined C and E stage effluent from the CEH bleach sequence previously used at the Tasman Pulp and Paper Co. Ltd, Kawerau. The second was a combined D and E o stage effluent from the OODEoD bleach sequence used at New Zealand Forest Products Kinleith Mill, Tokoroa. For each mill's wastewater, the adsorption isotherms were characterised for four different molecular weight fractions, and the unfractionated wastewater. Adsorption isotherm models used to fit the data for each of the fractions were the Freundlich, Langmuir and Irreversible isotherms. No single model was able to successfully describe the adsorption characteristics for all of the fractions analysed, indicating significant differences in the adsorption processes occurring in the various fractions. Analysis of the adsorption of the different molecular weight fractions demonstrated that the adsorption affinity of the AOX increased with increasing molecular weight. It appeared that molecules with higher chlorination levels were more effectively adsorbed onto the biomass. Competition for adsorption sites on the biomass by the different molecular weight fractions was a significant factor in the adsorption of the unfractionated wastewater. Analysis of the adsorption of AOX from the wastewaters at concentrations typical of those expected in different biological treatment systems showed that: • treatment systems with low biomass concentrations, such as aerated lagoons, would not be expected to remove significant amounts of AOX by adsorption. • treatment systems utilising higher biomass levels have the potential to remove significant amounts of AOX by adsorption. Conventional activated sludge systems could remove 15-20%, and oxygen activated sludge systems 25-50% of the AOX entering these systems. The impact of the modernisation of bleach sequences on the adsorption of AOX, by the introduction of oxygen delignification and chlorine dioxide substitution, was assessed. This was carried out by comparison of the adsorption characteristics of the two mills' wastewaters. The Tasman mill's bleach sequence was used as an example of older, conventional bleaching, and the Kinleith mill's sequence an example of modernised bleaching. Significant differences were found in the adsorptive behaviour of the molecular weight fractions, and that of the unfractionated wastewaters, between the two. From the analysis, adsorption onto biomass in a biological treatment system is predicted to alter the molecular weight distribution of the AOX in wastewaters. The conventional sequence's wastewater should show a decrease in the proportion of high molecular weight AOX due to this adsorptive removal, an effect not as significant in the adsorption of AOX from a modern bleach plant wastewater. Modern bleach sequence wastewaters are expected to reveal a decrease in the proportion of the low molecular weight material, an effect not as notable for the conventional sequence's AOX. Modernisation was found to decrease the adsorptive affinity of the wastewater, suggested to be due to the lower chlorination levels and average molecular weights of the molecules in the wastewater. It was concluded that the modernisation of bleach sequences has reduced the significance of adsorption onto biological solids as an AOX removal mechanis

Toward a Global Regime of Vessel Anti-Fouling

Vessel anti-fouling is key to the efficient operation of ships, and essential for effective control of invasive species introduced through international shipping. Anti-Fouling Systems, however, pose their own threats to marine environments. The Anti-Fouling Convention of 2001 banned the use of organotin compounds such as Tributyltin, and created a system for adoption of alternative anti-fouling biocides. In 2011, the Marine Environmental Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) released guidelines on bio-fouling management record keeping, installation, inspection, cleaning, maintenance, design and construction. Though these Guidelines provide a template for more effective and environmentally sound anti-fouling control and implementation, they are not mandatory. This article proposes that the member states of the IMO adopt the 2011 Guidelines as a mandatory instrument

Quantum dynamics of cold trapped ions, with application to quantum computation

The theory of interactions between lasers and cold trapped ions as it pertains to the design of Cirac-Zoller quantum computers is discussed. The mean positions of the trapped ions, the eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the ions' oscillations, the magnitude of the Rabi frequencies for both allowed and forbidden internal transitions of the ions and the validity criterion for the required Hamiltonian are calculated. Energy level data for a variety of ion species is also presented.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, 3 table